053. Raspberry Pi 라즈베리 파이 - AP + WiFi Client on Raspberry pi 3 OR Raspberry pi zero w

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Raspbian
Description: Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release: 10
Codename: buster

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ uname -a
Linux raspberrypi 4.19.75-v7+ #1270 SMP Tue Sep 24 18:45:11 BST 2019 armv7l GNU/Linux

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 38.40
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm crc32
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xd03
CPU revision : 4

. . .

Hardware : BCM2835
Revision : a02082
Serial : 00000000
Model : Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

전형적인 Pi 3 B+ 모델

사전준비

update & upgrade

sudo apt update -y && sudo apt upgrade -y

admin@admin ~ % ssh pi@192.168.0.18
pi@192.168.0.18's password:
Linux raspberrypi 4.19.75-v7+ #1270 SMP Tue Sep 24 18:45:11 BST 2019 armv7l

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Sat Feb 1 09:11:12 2020 from 192.168.0.10
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt update -y && sudo apt upgrade -y
Get:1 http://archive.raspberrypi.org/debian buster InRelease [25.2 kB]
Get:2 http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian buster InRelease [15.0 kB]
Fetched 40.2 kB in 2s (18.0 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
65 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... 10%

wlan0 mac address 확인

ip addr or iw dev

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:b7:04:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether b8:27:eb:e2:5d:55 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.18/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute wlan0
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::2368:8d9f:5b83:e930/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

우선 wlan0 물리주소를 확인합니다

link/ether b8:27:eb:e2:5d:55 으로 확인되네요

가상 interface rule 등록

udev에 룰(rules)파일 하나 만들건데
파일명은 뭘해도 상관은 없는듯, 이름순으로 실행된다고 합니다
sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="ieee80211", ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="phy0", \
RUN+="/sbin/iw phy phy0 interface add ap0 type __ap", \
RUN+="/bin/ip link set ap0 address b8:27:eb:e2:5d:55"

-- INSERT -- 3,55 All

가상 인터페이스라 mac address는 임의로 해도 될 것 같은데
바꿔보니 AP에 붙었을때 ISP(외부 인터넷)에 연결이 안되네요

사전에 확인한 wlan0 물리주소를 address 부분에 넣어줍니다
interface add ap0 를 보면 가상인터페이스를 추가 하고 이름을 ap0 로 준걸 알 수 있습니다
모든 라인이 한줄에 있어야 한다고 하니 주의 행변환 \ 는 문자열이 안끝난걸 의미합니다

좀더 세부설정

SUBSYSTEM=="ieee80211", ACTION=="add", ATTR{macaddress}=="b8:27:eb:*:*:*", KERNEL=="phy0", \
RUN+="/sbin/iw phy phy0 interface add ap0 type __ap", \
RUN+="/bin/ip link set ap0 address b8:27:eb:*:*:*"

보시면 address 에 b8:27:eb:*:*:* 로 되있는데

라즈베리 wifi 물리주소가 b8:27:eb 로 시작하네요

* (like) 사용으로 SD카드를 다른 Pi3에 껴도 mac주소를 수정할 필요가 없어집니다

주의할점은 모든 라인이 한줄에 있어야 한다고 하니 주의, 행변환 \ 는 문자열이 안끝난걸 의미합니다

무선랜 인터페이스 확인

iw dev

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ iw dev
phy#0
Unnamed/non-netdev interface
wdev 0x2
addr fe:60:32:0f:a0:19
type P2P-device
txpower 31.00 dBm
Interface wlan0
ifindex 3
wdev 0x1
addr b8:27:eb:e2:5d:55
ssid SSID
type managed
channel 4 (2427 MHz), width: 20 MHz, center1: 2427 MHz
txpower 31.00 dBm

사용가능한 WiFi 인터페이스가 보이는데 추가한 ap0는 안보이네요
rule 을 등록한다고 바로 생기진 않나봐요
reboot을 하면 ap0 확인 할 수 있습니다

안 나온다면 rules 설정을 잘못한거니 다시 확인이 필요

# 이후 설정실수는 wlan0이 비 활성화 될 수 있으니 주의 #

모든 설정파일을 백업하고 진행하시면 복구하기 편합니다

dnsmasq.conf 수정

sudo cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.org
sudo vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cp /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.org
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/dnsmasq.conf

# Include all files in a directory which end in .conf
#conf-dir=/etc/dnsmasq.d/,*.conf

# If a DHCP client claims that its name is "wpad", ignore that.
# This fixes a security hole. see CERT Vulnerability VU#598349
#dhcp-name-match=set:wpad-ignore,wpad
#dhcp-ignore-names=tag:wpad-ignore

# Delays sending DHCPOFFER and proxydhcp replies for at least the specified number of seconds.
dhcp-mac=set:client_is_a_pi,B8:27:EB:*:*:*
dhcp-reply-delay=tag:client_is_a_pi,2

interface=lo,ap0
no-dhcp-interface=lo,wlan0,eth0
bind-interfaces
server=8.8.8.8
domain-needed
bogus-priv
dhcp-range=192.168.10.2,192.168.10.255,255.255.255.0,24h

-- INSERT -- 693,39 Bot

사전준비에서 설치한 dnsmasq 설정파일을 수정합니다

B8:27:EB:*:*:* 가 눈에 띄는데

저 부분을 WiFi 동글 물리주소로 바꿔봤는데, 결론적으로 실패

아마 오래된 동글이라 Dual을 지원안하는듯 사실 디바이스 쪽은 관심이 없어서 잘 모름..

hostapd.conf 생성

sudo vim /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd
ctrl_interface_group=0
interface=ap0
driver=nl80211
ssid=raspberry
hw_mode=g
channel=11
wmm_enabled=0
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=raspberry
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

~
"/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf" 16L, 276C 11,23 All

파일이 없으니 만들어 주면됩니다
ssid, wpa_passphrase (passwd) 를 raspberry 로 해놨는데 바꿔도 됩니다

상세 설명

# Set the channel (frequency) of the host access point
channel=1
# Set the SSID broadcast by your access point (replace with your own, of course)
ssid=yourSSIDhere
# This sets the passphrase for your access point (again, use your own)
wpa_passphrase=passwordBetween8and64charactersLong
# This is the name of the WiFi interface we configured above
interface=uap0
# Use the 2.4GHz band (I think you can use in ag mode to get the 5GHz band as well, but I have not tested this yet)
hw_mode=g
# Accept all MAC addresses
macaddr_acl=0
# Use WPA authentication
auth_algs=1
# Require clients to know the network name
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
# Use WPA2
wpa=2
# Use a pre-shared key
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
driver=nl80211
# I commented out the lines below in my implementation, but I kept them here for reference.
# Enable WMM
#wmm_enabled=1
# Enable 40MHz channels with 20ns guard interval
#ht_capab=[HT40][SHORT-GI-20][DSSS_CCK-40]

출처: https://lb.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=211542#p1355569

hostapd 수정

sudo cp /etc/default/hostapd /etc/default/hostapd.org
sudo vim /etc/default/hostapd

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cp /etc/default/hostapd /etc/default/hostapd.org
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/default/hostapd

# Defaults for hostapd initscript
#
# WARNING: The DAEMON_CONF setting has been deprecated and will be removed
#   in future package releases.
#
# See /usr/share/doc/hostapd/README.Debian for information about alternative
# methods of managing hostapd.
#
# Uncomment and set DAEMON_CONF to the absolute path of a hostapd configuration
# file and hostapd will be started during system boot. An example configuration
# file can be found at /usr/share/doc/hostapd/examples/hostapd.conf.gz
#
#DAEMON_CONF=""
DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

# Additional daemon options to be appended to hostapd command:-
#     -d   show more debug messages (-dd for even more)
#     -K   include key data in debug messages
#     -t   include timestamps in some debug messages
#
# Note that -B (daemon mode) and -P (pidfile) options are automatically
# configured by the init.d script and must not be added to DAEMON_OPTS.
#
14,38     Top

DAEMON_CONF 에 좀전에 만들어준 파일 경로를 넣어주면 끗
DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

interfaces 수정

sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.org
sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.org
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
# For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'

# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d

auto lo
auto eth0
auto ap0
auto wlan0

iface lo inet loopback

allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

allow-hotplug ap0
iface ap0 inet static
address 192.168.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
hostapd /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet manual
wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface AP1 inet dhcp
iface AP2 inet dhcp

-- INSERT -- 16,23 Bot

하단에 interface 설정 추가해줍니다

아직도 API1, AP2는 뭔지 모르겠네요
cat /run/network/ifstate 으로 보면 wlan0로 받긴하던데

wpa_supplicant.conf 수정

sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
update_config=1
country=US

network={
ssid="SSID1"
psk="PASSWD1"
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        id_str="AP1"
}

network={
ssid="SSID2"
psk="PASSWD2"
        key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
        id_str="AP2"
}

~
~
~
~
"/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf" 19L, 242C     1,1     All

interface 에 넣어둔 AP1, AP2 를 id_str 을 추가해서 넣어줍니다

집/직장 별로 wifi 연결을 따로 그룹화 해주는 듯?

가상 interface 활성화

interface 재시작

sudo ifdown --force wlan0
sudo ifdown --force ap0
sudo ifup ap0
sudo ifup wlan0

근데 iw dev 를 해보면 ap0가 보이질 않으니 그냥 재부팅을 시켜주는게...

ip 관련 명령과 dnsmasp 재시작

iptable 을 안써봐서 잘모르겠지만
NAT 과 POSTROUTING 이 눈에 띈다

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.10.0/24 ! -d 192.168.10.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq

이걸 파이가 켜질때 마다 해줘야 하는것 같은데

번거로우니 shell 로 부팅할때 마다 실행되도록 script 작성

start-ap-managed-wifi.sh 생성

부팅 시 사용할 shell, root 디렉토리에서 작업 했습니다
sudo mkdir /root/shell
sudo vim /root/shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh
sudo chmod 755 /root/shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ pwd
/home/pi
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo su - root
root@raspberrypi:~# mkdir shell
root@raspberrypi:~# sudo touch shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh
root@raspberrypi:~# sudo chmod 755 shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh
root@raspberrypi:~# sudo vim shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh

#!/bin/bash
sleep 30
sudo ifdown --force wlan0 && sudo ifdown --force ap0 && sudo ifup ap0 && sudo ifup wlan0
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.10.0/24 ! -d 192.168.10.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
sudo systemctl restart dnsmasq

-- INSERT -- 5,90 All

파일에 실행권한 까지 주면 된다

sleep 30을 줄이고 싶은데 아직 테스트를 안해봄

스케줄러 등록 (crontab)

sudo crontab -e

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo crontab -e
no crontab for root - using an empty one

Select an editor.  To change later, run 'select-editor'.
1. /bin/nano   <---- easiest
2. /usr/bin/vim.basic
3. /usr/bin/vim.tiny
4. /bin/ed

Choose 1-4 [1]: 2

# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').
#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at 5 a.m every week with:
# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h  dom mon dow   command

@reboot /root/shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh
-- INSERT -- 25,21 Bot

제일 하단에 스크립트 경로를 추가해줬습니다

crontab 수정에 사용할 에디터를 설정하는건 처음만, vim 이 편하니 vim으로

@reboot /root/shell/start-ap-managed-wifi.sh
부팅/재부팅 할때마다 실행되나 보다

재시작을 하면 ssid가 접속가능한 wifi 리스트에 나온다

가급적 집에서 설정하고 나가서는

wpa_supplicant.conf에 wifi 접속정보만 추가하는걸 추천..

참고

https://lb.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=211542#p1355569
http://w1.fi/cgit/hostap/plain/hostapd/hostapd.conf
https://thepi.io/how-to-use-your-raspberry-pi-as-a-wireless-access-point/
https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/wireless/access-point.md
https://lb.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=36&t=191453#p1204633
https://blog.thewalr.us/2017/09/26/raspberry-pi-zero-w-simultaneous-ap-and-managed-mode-wifi/
https://gist.github.com/aceisace/b7ca22b50531f43d48c74d86eb62c89a

저작자표시 비영리 동일조건

'raspberrypi > raspbian' 카테고리의 다른 글

054. Raspberry Pi 라즈베리 - no sound without sudo on raspberry pi (0)	2020.02.17
raspbian buster docker install error, raspberry pi E: Package 'docker-ce' has no installation candidate (0)	2020.02.15
052. Raspberry Pi 라즈베리 파이 - 쥬피터 노트북 커널 추가하기 jupyter notebook add kernel (0)	2020.02.01
051. Raspberry Pi 라즈베리 파이 - 쥬피터 노트북 설정 jupyter notebook configure (0)	2020.02.01
050. Raspberry Pi 라즈베리 파이 - Raspbian headless setup for WiFi connection and UART use (windows & macOS / linux / ubuntu) (0)	2020.02.01

Tsunami

고정 헤더 영역

메뉴 레이어

메뉴 리스트

검색 레이어

검색 영역

상세 컨텐츠

본문 제목

본문

2022/2/9 추가

사양